Ethereum PoS (Proof of Stake)
~7 minMedium
After "The Merge" in 2022, Ethereum switched from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake. Validators (instead of miners) propose blocks based on their staked ETH. Time is divided into slots (12 seconds) and epochs (32 slots). LMD-GHOST fork choice selects the head with the most validator attestations, while Casper FFG finalizes checkpoints.
This demo simulates validator selection, attestations, and finality. Watch how the network finalizes epochs when supermajorities agree on checkpoints. Each validator's influence is weighted by their stake.
Related Topics: Ethereum Consensus (PoS) • Consensus Mechanisms
Slot: 0 · Epoch: 0 (finalized ≤ -)
Recent Slots
| Slot | Epoch | Proposer | Stake | Committee size | Attestation | Checkpoint | Finalized |
|---|
Deeper dive: LMD-GHOST
LMD (Latest Message Driven) means each validator’s latest attestation counts. GHOST walks toward the branch with the most attested weight.
Deeper dive: Casper FFG
Casper overlays finality on top of fork choice using checkpoints (every epoch). ≥⅔ stake justifies and then finalizes a checkpoint.