Overview
Carbon emissions, also known as greenhouse gas emissions, refer to the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These emissions contribute to global climate change and are primarily generated by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Interested in knowing more about carbon emission basics, read here.
Why Manufacturing companies should track emissions?
By tracking carbon emissions, manufacturing companies can play a significant role in mitigating climate change, complying with regulations, reducing costs, meeting stakeholder expectations, gaining a competitive edge, and fostering sustainability throughout their operations and supply chains. Click here to know more.
How to track Carbon Emissions?
Calculating carbon emissions in product manufacturing involves considering various factors and inputs. The calculation process typically follows the principles defined by international standards like the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Here’s an overview of the steps involved:
Defining the Scope
The first step is to determine the scope of the emissions assessment. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol categorizes emissions into three scopes:
- Scope 1: Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources, such as on-site combustion or transportation vehicles owned by the manufacturing facility.
- Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased electricity, steam, or heating/cooling consumed by the manufacturing facility.
- Scope 3: Indirect emissions from activities outside the direct control of the manufacturing facility, including raw material extraction, transportation, product distribution, and end-of-life disposal.
Gathering the Data
Gather data on various activities and processes involved in product manufacturing. The specific inputs required may vary based on the scope being assessed but can include:
- Scope 1: Fuel consumption records, vehicle mileage, or production data to calculate direct emissions from on-site activities.
- Scope 2: Utility bills or energy consumption data to determine indirect emissions from purchased electricity or heat.
- Scope 3: Supply chain data, such as raw material quantities, transportation distances, and logistics information.
Emission Factors
Use established emission factors or specific emission data for each activity or process. Emission factors provide the carbon intensity associated with a particular input or activity. They can be obtained from industry databases, government sources, or specific studies.
Computing Emissions
Multiply the relevant activity data (e.g., fuel consumption, electricity usage, transportation distances) by the corresponding emission factors. This calculation provides the emissions associated with each activity or process. The sum of emissions across all activities provides the total carbon emissions for the manufacturing process.
Certification
Carbon emissions data can be certified by independent third-party organizations or verified by accredited auditors specializing in greenhouse gas emissions. Certification ensures the accuracy and reliability of the reported data, providing credibility and transparency to stakeholders.
Methodologies, Tools and Agencies
It’s important to note that specific methodologies and tools, such as life cycle assessment (LCA) or product carbon footprint calculators, can provide more detailed insights into emissions across the entire product life cycle. These assessments consider the environmental impact of raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, product use, and end-of-life disposal.
Certification bodies and auditors with expertise in carbon emissions and sustainability standards, such as ISO 14064, ISO 14067, or the Verified Carbon Standard, can verify or certify emissions data. These organizations ensure compliance with established methodologies and provide assurance to stakeholders regarding the accuracy and credibility of reported emissions.
Impact of Calculating and Reporting
Calculating and reporting carbon emissions allows organizations, industries, and governments to understand their environmental impact, set emission reduction targets, and implement strategies to achieve sustainability and contribute to a low-carbon future.
